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熱軋無縫鋼管與冷拔無縫鋼管是什么?有什么特點?這些知識對于我們來講,需要深入了解。今天無縫鋼管廠就來給(gei)大(da)家分(fen)享一下。
一、熱軋無縫鋼管與冷拔無縫鋼管是什么?
熱軋(擠壓無縫鋼管):
圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)坯→加熱(re)(re)(re)→穿孔→三輥斜軋(ya)(ya)、連軋(ya)(ya)或(huo)擠壓→脫管(guan)(guan)(guan)→定(ding)徑(jing)(或(huo)減(jian)徑(jing))→冷(leng)(leng)卻→矯(jiao)直→水壓試驗(或(huo)探傷)→標記→入庫 無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是用鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)錠或(huo)實心管(guan)(guan)(guan)坯經(jing)(jing)穿孔制成毛管(guan)(guan)(guan),然后經(jing)(jing)熱(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)、冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)或(huo)冷(leng)(leng)撥制成。無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的規格用外徑(jing)*壁厚(hou)毫米數(shu)表(biao)示。無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)分(fen)熱(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)和冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(撥)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)兩類。 熱(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)分(fen)一般鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan),低、中(zhong)壓鍋(guo)爐鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan),高壓鍋(guo)爐鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、合金(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、石油裂(lie)化管(guan)(guan)(guan)、地質鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和其它鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)等。冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(撥)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)除(chu)分(fen)一般鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、低中(zhong)壓鍋(guo)爐鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、高壓鍋(guo)爐鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、合金(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、石油裂(lie)化管(guan)(guan)(guan)、其它鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外,還(huan)包括碳素薄(bo)(bo)壁鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、合金(jin)薄(bo)(bo)壁鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)薄(bo)(bo)壁鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、異型鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。熱(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)無縫(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑(jing)一般大于32mm,壁厚(hou)2.5-75mm,冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)處(chu)徑(jing)可(ke)以到(dao)6mm,壁厚(hou)可(ke)到(dao)0.25mm,薄(bo)(bo)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑(jing)可(ke)到(dao)5mm壁厚(hou)小于0.25mm,冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)(ya)比熱(re)(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)尺寸精度(du)高。
一般(ban)用(yong)(yong)無縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)是用(yong)(yong)10、20、30、35、45等(deng)優質碳結(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)16Mn、5MnV等(deng)低(di)合金結(jie)構(gou)鋼(gang)(gang)或40Cr、30CrMnSi、45Mn2、40MnB等(deng)合結(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)熱(re)軋或冷軋制成(cheng)的。10、20等(deng)低(di)碳鋼(gang)(gang)制造的無縫(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)于(yu)流體輸送管(guan)(guan)道。45、40Cr等(deng)中碳鋼(gang)(gang)制成(cheng)的無縫(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)用(yong)(yong)來制造機械零(ling)件,如汽(qi)車、拖拉機的受力零(ling)件。一般(ban)用(yong)(yong)無縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)要保證強度和壓(ya)扁試驗。熱(re)軋鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)以(yi)熱(re)軋狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)或熱(re)處理(li)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)交(jiao)貨;冷軋以(yi)熱(re)以(yi)熱(re)處理(li)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)交(jiao)貨。
熱軋(ya),顧名思義,軋(ya)件的溫(wen)度(du)(du)高,因此變(bian)形(xing)抗力(li)小,可以(yi)實現大的變(bian)形(xing)量。以(yi)鋼(gang)板的軋(ya)制(zhi)為例,一般連鑄坯厚(hou)度(du)(du)在(zai)230mm左(zuo)右,而經(jing)過粗(cu)軋(ya)和精軋(ya),最終(zhong)厚(hou)度(du)(du)為1~20mm。同時,由于鋼(gang)板的寬厚(hou)比小,尺寸精度(du)(du)要求相對低,不容易出現板形(xing)問題,以(yi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)凸度(du)(du)為主。對于組織有要求的,一般通過控(kong)(kong)軋(ya)控(kong)(kong)冷來(lai)實現,即控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)精軋(ya)的開軋(ya)溫(wen)度(du)(du)、終(zhong)軋(ya)溫(wen)度(du)(du)
冷拔(軋)無縫鋼管:
圓管坯→加熱→穿(chuan)孔→打頭→退火(huo)→酸洗→涂油(鍍銅)→多道次冷拔(冷軋)→坯管→熱處理→矯直→水壓(ya)試驗(yan)(探傷)→標記→入庫(ku)
二、熱軋無縫鋼管與冷拔精密鋼管的特點
熱軋無縫鋼管的特點:
熱(re)(re)軋是(shi)(shi)相對于冷(leng)軋而言(yan)的,冷(leng)軋是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)再(zai)(zai)結晶溫度(du)以(yi)下(xia)進行的軋制,而熱(re)(re)軋就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)再(zai)(zai)結晶溫度(du)以(yi)上進行的軋制。熱(re)(re)軋能(neng)夠(gou)損壞鋼錠的鍛造安排,細化鋼材(cai)的晶粒(li),并消除顯(xian)微安排的缺(que)點,從而使(shi)鋼材(cai)安排密實,力學(xue)性能(neng)得(de)到改(gai)進。這種改(gai)進主要體現在(zai)(zai)(zai)沿軋制方向上,從而使(shi)鋼材(cai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)必定(ding)程度(du)上不再(zai)(zai)是(shi)(shi)各向同性體;澆注時構成的氣(qi)泡、裂紋和疏(shu)松,也(ye)可在(zai)(zai)(zai)高溫文壓力效果下(xia)被焊合(he)。
熱軋無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)分(fen)一(yi)般鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan),低、中壓(ya)鍋爐鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan),高壓(ya)鍋爐鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、合金(jin)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、不銹鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、石油裂化管(guan)(guan)(guan)、地(di)質鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)其它鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。
冷拔精密鋼管的特點 :
1.外徑(jing)更小(xiao)。
2.精(jing)度高可做小批量生
3.冷拔成(cheng)品精度(du)高,表面質(zhi)量(liang)好。
4.鋼管橫(heng)面積更復(fu)雜(za)。
5.鋼管性(xing)能更優越,金屬(shu)比較密。
熱軋精密鋼管后的區別 :
熱軋精(jing)密鋼(gang)(gang)管用連(lian)鑄圓管坯(pi)板(ban)坯(pi)或初(chu)軋板(ban)坯(pi)作原(yuan)料,經(jing)步進(jin)式加熱爐加熱,高壓水除鱗后(hou)(hou)進(jin)入粗軋機(ji),粗軋料經(jing)切(qie)(qie)頭(tou)、尾、再(zai)進(jin)入精(jing)軋機(ji),實施(shi)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)控制軋制,終軋后(hou)(hou)即(ji)經(jing)過層(ceng)流(liu)冷(leng)卻和(he)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)取(qu)機(ji)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)取(qu)、成為(wei)直發卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。直發卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)的頭(tou)、尾往(wang)往(wang)呈舌狀及魚尾狀,厚度、寬度精(jing)度較差,邊部常存在浪形(xing)、折邊、塔形(xing)等缺陷。其(qi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)重(zhong)較重(zhong)、鋼(gang)(gang)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)內徑為(wei)760mm。將直發卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)經(jing)切(qie)(qie)頭(tou)、切(qie)(qie)尾、切(qie)(qie)邊及多道次的矯直、平(ping)整等精(jing)整線處理(li)后(hou)(hou),再(zai)切(qie)(qie)板(ban)或重(zhong)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),即(ji)成為(wei):熱軋鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)、平(ping)整熱軋鋼(gang)(gang)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、縱(zong)切(qie)(qie)帶等產品。熱軋精(jing)整卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)若經(jing)酸洗去除氧化皮并涂(tu)油后(hou)(hou)即(ji)成熱軋酸洗板(ban)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。
三、熱軋無縫鋼管每米重量表
壁 厚(毫米) | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 5 | 5.5 | 6 | 6.5 | 7 | 7.5 |
徑(毫米) | 理 論 重 量 (公斤/米) | ||||||||||
32 | 1.82 | 2.15 | 2.46 | 2.76 | 3.05 | 3.33 | 3.59 | 3.85 | 4.09 | 4.32 | 4.53 |
38 | 2.19 | 2.59 | 2.98 | 3.35 | 3.72 | 4.07 | 4.41 | 4.74 | 5.05 | 5.35 | 5.64 |
42 | 2.44 | 2.89 | 3.35 | 3.75 | 4.16 | 4.56 | 4.95 | 5.33 | 5.69 | 6.04 | 6.38 |
45 | 2.62 | 3.11 | 3.58 | 4.04 | 4.49 | 4.93 | 5.36 | 5.77 | 6.17 | 6.56 | 6.94 |
50 | 2.93 | 3.48 | 4.01 | 4.54 | 5.05 | 5.55 | 6.04 | 6.51 | 6.97 | 7.42 | 7.86 |
54 | - | 3.77 | 4.36 | 4.93 | 5.49 | 6.04 | 6.58 | 7.1 | 7.61 | 8.11 | 8.6 |
57 | - | 4 | 4.62 | 5.23 | 5.83 | 6.41 | 6.99 | 7.55 | 8.1 | 8.63 | 9.16 |
60 | - | 4.22 | 4.88 | 5.52 | 6.16 | 6.78 | 7.39 | 7.99 | 8.58 | 9.15 | 9.71 |
63.5 | - | 4.48 | 5.18 | 5.87 | 6.55 | 7.21 | 7.87 | 8.51 | 9.14 | 9.75 | 10.36 |
68 | - | 4.81 | 5.57 | 6.31 | 7.05 | 7.77 | 8.48 | 9.17 | 9.86 | 10.53 | 11.19 |
70 | - | 4.96 | 5.74 | 6.51 | 7.27 | 8.01 | 8.75 | 9.47 | 10.18 | 10.88 | 11.56 |
73 | - | 5.18 | 6 | 6.81 | 7.6 | 8.38 | 9.16 | 9.91 | 10.66 | 11.39 | 12.11 |
76 | - | 5.4 | 6.26 | 7.1 | 7.93 | 8.75 | 9.56 | 10.36 | 11.14 | 11.91 | 12.67 |
83 | - | - | 6.86 | 7.79 | 8.71 | 9.62 | 10.51 | 11.39 | 12.26 | 13.12 | 13.96 |
89 | - | - | 7.38 | 8.38 | 9.38 | 10.36 | 11.33 | 12.28 | 13.22 | 14.16 | 15.07 |
95 | - | - | 7.9 | 8.98 | 10.04 | 11.1 | 12.14 | 13.17 | 14.19 | 15.19 | 16.18 |
102 | - | - | 8.5 | 9.67 | 10.82 | 11.96 | 13.09 | 14.21 | 15.31 | 16.4 | 17.48 |
108 | - | - | - | 10.26 | 11.49 | 12.7 | 13.9 | 15.09 | 16.27 | 17.44 | 18.59 |
114 | - | - | - | 10.85 | 12.15 | 13.44 | 14.72 | 15.98 | 17.23 | 18.47 | 19.7 |